RSV, Flu, and COVID: Understanding the Differences Between These Common Respiratory Illnesses

As respiratory viruses spread, many parents are left wondering how to distinguish between RSV, flu, COVID-19, and the common cold. The Children's Clinic in Jackson, TN, is here to help families navigate these illnesses and ensure your child receives the best possible care. Here's an overview of the symptoms, when to seek medical attention, and tips for prevention.

Recognizing Symptoms of Common Respiratory Illnesses

Each illness has unique characteristics, but many symptoms overlap. Here's a quick breakdown:

• Flu Symptoms
  Fever, chills, headache, body aches, dry cough, fatigue, stuffy nose, and sore throat. Some children may also experience vomiting or diarrhea. Symptoms typically appear 1 to 4 days after exposure.

• COVID-19 Symptoms
  Fever, cough, fatigue, muscle or body aches, congestion, shortness of breath, sore throat, headache, sneezing, vomiting/diarrhea, or loss of taste or smell. Symptoms can emerge 2 to 14 days after exposure.

• Cold Symptoms
  Fever, cough, fatigue, stuffy nose, sore throat, sneezing, and slightly swollen glands. Colds, caused by various viruses, are common in children, who may experience 6-10 colds annually.

• RSV Symptoms
  Fever, cough, fatigue, stuffy nose, shortness of breath, sneezing, rapid breathing, flaring nostrils, wheezing, grunting, poor feeding, or lack of appetite. Symptoms often peak on days 3-5 and can last 7-14 days.

When to Call Your Pediatrician

Some symptoms require immediate medical attention. Contact The Children's Clinic in Jackson, TN, if your child exhibits any of the following:

• Rapid breathing, flaring nostrils, or grunting

• Chest caving in with each breath

• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

• Vomiting for more than 24 hours

• Bloody diarrhea

• Severe lethargy or drowsiness

• Poor feeding or signs of dehydration

• Fever above 104°F in any child, above 100.4°F in an infant under 2 months, or above 103°F for more than 24 hours.

Can Children Be Infected With Two Viruses at Once?

Yes, co-infections are possible. For instance, children can have both the flu and COVID simultaneously. Secondary illnesses, such as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, ear infections, or sinus infections, are also common. If symptoms overlap, your pediatrician may recommend testing to confirm a diagnosis.

How to Protect Your Family

Preventive measures are key to keeping children healthy. The Children's Clinic in Jackson, TN, emphasizes the importance of immunizations and other protective practices.

• Vaccinations

  • Flu Vaccine: Recommended annually for everyone 6 months and older.

  • COVID-19 Vaccine: The updated vaccine is recommended for everyone 6 months and older.

  • Nirsevimab (RSV Immunization): For babies under 8 months during their first RSV season and high-risk children aged 8-19 months entering their second RSV season.

  • RSVpreF (RSV Vaccine for Pregnant Individuals): Protects infants from RSV.

• Hygiene and Masking
  Teach children to cover their mouths when sneezing or coughing and dispose of tissues immediately. Encourage regular handwashing with soap and water or the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Masks can also help reduce the spread of germs in public spaces.

Stay Prepared and Stay Healthy

If your child becomes ill or you have concerns about their symptoms, don’t hesitate to contact The Children's Clinic in Jackson, TN. Staying up to date on routine care, immunizations, and physical exams helps your child maintain optimal health.

By staying informed and proactive, you can help protect your family during cold, flu, and RSV season.

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Understanding Inherited High Cholesterol in Children: Key Information for Families

Most parents associate cholesterol with adult health, but approximately 1 in 250 children have high cholesterol due to a genetic condition called familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). This inherited condition isn’t related to diet or lifestyle and puts children at an increased risk for early heart disease, even if they eat well and stay active.

At the Children’s Clinic in Jackson, TN, we are committed to raising awareness about FH and helping families manage this condition effectively. Here’s what you need to know:

What is Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH)?

Cholesterol is a necessary, fat-like substance found in every cell of the body, produced by the liver and absorbed from foods like meat, eggs, and dairy. While the body usually removes excess cholesterol, children with FH have a genetic mutation that disrupts this process.

As a result, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol—commonly referred to as "bad" cholesterol—builds up in their arteries starting at birth. This buildup can lead to early heart attacks or strokes.

Two Types of FH

1. Heterozygous FH (HeFH):

   • The most common form, occurring in 1 in 250 people.

   • A child with HeFH inherits a single abnormal FH gene from one parent.

2. Homozygous FH (HoFH):

   • A rare and severe form caused by inheriting abnormal FH genes from both parents.

   • HoFH requires immediate treatment and can result in heart attacks as early as the teen years.

Why Early Detection Matters

Many families are unaware of FH until symptoms arise. However, identifying and treating FH early can reduce heart disease risks by up to 80%.

How to Spot Risk Factors:

• A family history of heart attacks before age 55 (men) or 65 (women).

• Relatives with high cholesterol or coronary artery disease.

If these risks are present, discuss them with your pediatrician, who may recommend early cholesterol screening, even as young as age 2.

Screening Recommendations:

• Without family risks: Between ages 9–11.

• With family risks: Starting at age 2.

Recognizing Warning Signs

Children with extremely high cholesterol levels (LDL over 400 mg/DL for HoFH) may develop:

• Xanthomas: Yellow or orange cholesterol deposits on the elbows, knees, or fingers.

• Xanthelasmas: Deposits near the eyes.

If you notice these signs, contact your pediatrician immediately.

Treatment Options for FH

Managing FH involves a combination of medication, diet, and lifestyle changes. Your pediatrician may refer your child to a specialist in heart health and lipids.

Common Treatments Include:

• Statins: Medications that reduce cholesterol production in the liver.

• Non-statin drugs: Help lower LDL cholesterol using alternative pathways.

• Lipoprotein Apheresis: A weekly procedure to remove cholesterol directly from the blood (used in severe cases).

In addition to medication, a heart-healthy diet and regular physical activity are crucial. A dietitian can provide personalized meal plans to support your child’s health.

Family Support and Screening

An FH diagnosis affects the entire family. Siblings should also be screened, and extended family members should be informed about the potential genetic risks. Addressing FH early allows children to lower their risks to levels comparable to those without the condition.

At the Children’s Clinic in Jackson, TN, we support families in navigating treatment plans and maintaining a balanced lifestyle. If your child has been diagnosed with FH or you have concerns about their cholesterol levels, reach out to us. Together, we can work toward a healthier future for your child and your family.

For additional support or to schedule a screening, contact the Children’s Clinic in Jackson, TN, where we’re dedicated to your child’s health and well-being.

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12 Safety Tips for Holiday Decorations

The holidays are a magical time filled with twinkling lights, festive candles, holiday trees, and cherished family traditions. Decorations play an essential role in bringing joy to the season, especially for children who find comfort and connection in these familiar rituals. However, it’s important to prioritize safety when decorating your home for the holidays. Here are 12 practical tips to help you and your family stay safe:

1. Choose a Fresh Live Tree
   If you’re opting for a real tree, check its freshness. Fresh trees have needles that are hard to pull off and bend without breaking. Tap the tree on the ground to ensure only a few needles fall off. Before placing it in the stand, cut a few inches off the trunk and keep the stand filled with water to prevent the tree from drying out.

2. Check Artificial Trees for Fire Resistance
   When using an artificial tree, ensure it’s labeled as “fire resistant” to reduce fire hazards.

3. Place Trees Safely
   Set your tree away from fireplaces, radiators, and portable heaters. Keep it out of high-traffic areas and ensure it doesn’t block doorways. Use only flame-resistant or non-combustible materials to decorate.

4. Inspect Lights Before Use
   Examine all lights—new or old—before hanging them. Look for working bulbs, secure connections, and no frayed wires or broken sockets.

5. Avoid Lead-Containing Decorations
   Use tinsel and icicles made of plastic or non-leaded materials. Many light strands may contain lead in the wires or bulb sockets, so keep them out of reach of children and wash your hands after handling.

6. Secure Batteries Safely
   Button and lithium coin batteries are a severe hazard if swallowed. Ensure battery compartments in toys, flameless candles, and decorations are securely closed. Wrap used batteries in tape before disposing of them to prevent accidents.

7. Use Certified Outdoor Lights
   Check the labels on outdoor lights to confirm they’re certified for exterior use. Attach lights using insulated staples or hooks, not nails or tacks. Always plug outdoor decorations into circuits with ground fault circuit interrupters to prevent shocks.

8. Candle Safety
   Place candles away from flammable materials and ensure they’re in stable areas where they can’t be knocked over. Never leave candles unattended, and avoid using them near trees or greenery.

9. Kid-Friendly Decorations
   In homes with small children, avoid sharp, breakable ornaments or decorations with small, removable parts. Decorations resembling food or candy should be avoided to prevent children from mistaking them for something edible.

10. Handle Artificial Decorations Carefully
    When decorating with spun glass “angel hair,” wear gloves to avoid eye and skin irritation. Use artificial snow sprays according to the manufacturer’s instructions to prevent lung irritation.

11. Clear Wrapping Materials Quickly
    After opening gifts, remove wrapping paper, ribbons, and bows from tree and fireplace areas. These materials pose choking and suffocation risks for children and can ignite if near open flames.

12. Keep Toxic Plants Out of Reach
    Decorations like mistletoe berries, Jerusalem cherry, and holly berries can be toxic if ingested. Keep them out of children’s reach and contact Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 if needed.

At the children's clinic in Jackson, TN, we encourage families to embrace the joy of the holidays while staying mindful of safety. Taking simple precautions can ensure your celebrations are as safe as they are memorable. For more holiday tips or to learn about keeping your children healthy year-round, visit us or give us a call. Let’s make this season magical and secure for everyone!

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How to Comfort Your Child During Cold and Flu Season

Fall signals the return of cold and flu season, which can leave your little ones feeling under the weather. Viruses are often the culprit behind these seasonal illnesses, bringing sniffles, aches, and fatigue that no parent likes to see. While most colds and flu will resolve with time, there are plenty of ways to help your child feel better at home.

The team at the Children's Clinic in Jackson, TN, understands the challenges of caring for sick kids. Below, we share helpful remedies to ease your child’s symptoms and promote recovery.

Understanding Cold and Flu Viruses

Respiratory viruses tend to thrive in colder, drier weather, making fall and winter prime seasons for colds and flu. Here's what you should know:

Colds are often caused by rhinoviruses and may lead to:

• Sneezing and sniffling

• Stuffy or runny nose

• Sore throat

• Headaches and body aches

• Sleepiness or chills

Other viruses, like adenovirus or enterovirus, can cause additional symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, or rashes.

Flu (influenza) is a seasonal virus that affects the respiratory system. Symptoms include:

• Fever or chills

• Muscle aches and fatigue

• Cough and sore throat

• Vomiting or diarrhea (especially in children)

Home Remedies to Relieve Symptoms

Here are simple, effective ways to ease your child’s discomfort and aid recovery:

1. Ease Fever Safely
   Use acetaminophen or ibuprofen if your child is uncomfortable, following the correct dosage for their age and weight. Avoid aspirin, as it can be harmful to children.

2. Keep Them Hydrated
   Offer plenty of fluids like water, electrolyte drinks, or warm broth. Warm liquids can soothe sore throats and help with congestion.

3. Clear Stuffy Noses Gently
   Saline sprays or a nasal aspirator can ease nasal congestion. Use tissues or wipes to prevent skin irritation.

4. Soothe Coughs Naturally
   For children over 1 year old, a teaspoon of honey can help suppress coughing. Mix it with warm water or tea for added comfort.

5. Humidify the Air
   A cool-mist humidifier can reduce nasal congestion and ease dry coughs. Be sure to clean the humidifier regularly to prevent mold growth.

6. Mentholated Vapor Rub
   For children 2 years and older, a mentholated rub applied to the chest can relieve nighttime symptoms like congestion and coughing.

When to Keep Kids Home

To prevent spreading illness:

• Keep children home until they've been fever-free for 24 hours without medication.

• Ensure vomiting, diarrhea, and severe coughing have subsided for at least a day before returning to school or activities.

When to Call the Doctor

Seek medical attention if your child:

• Shows difficulty breathing or persistent wheezing

• Has a fever of 104°F or higher, or a prolonged fever lasting over 5 days

• Experiences severe dehydration, with no urine for 8 hours or dry mouth

• Is unusually drowsy or unresponsive

For infants, consult your pediatrician if they have trouble feeding, show labored breathing, or experience prolonged diarrhea.

Additional Notes

Some symptoms, like fever or fatigue, may overlap with illnesses such as RSV, COVID-19, or parvovirus. If in doubt, contact your child’s doctor for advice.

At the Children's Clinic, we're here to support your family through every season. Don’t hesitate to reach out with questions or concerns about your child’s health. Together, we can help your little ones feel better and bounce back.

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Holiday Food Safety Tips for Families

The holidays are a time to gather with loved ones and enjoy delicious meals that reflect family traditions and culture. Whether it’s decorating cookies, making tamales, or preparing a festive roast, holiday cooking offers the perfect opportunity to teach children cherished family recipes while creating lasting memories.

To ensure your holiday meals are as safe as they are joyful, The Children’s Clinic in Jackson, TN, shares these important food safety tips, inspired by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

1. Cook and Wash Food Thoroughly

When preparing your holiday favorites, always follow food safety guidelines. Bacteria are commonly found in raw ingredients. Be sure to:

• Fully cook meats and poultry to safe internal temperatures.

• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly to remove contaminants.

2. Practice Hand Hygiene

While teaching children how to prepare family recipes, emphasize the importance of washing hands frequently during cooking. Good hygiene habits reduce the risk of spreading bacteria and keep everyone safe.

3. Sample Safely

When letting little helpers taste-test, use a clean spoon each time to avoid cross-contamination. Also, avoid sampling any raw ingredients, such as eggs or doughs that need to be cooked.

4. Keep Raw and Cooked Foods Separate

With refrigerators and counters often crowded during the holidays, it’s easy for raw and cooked foods to mix. Prevent cross-contamination by:

• Keeping raw and cooked foods separate.

• Using separate utensils for handling raw and cooked ingredients.

5. Thaw Foods in the Refrigerator

Never thaw frozen meat on the countertop. Always defrost in the refrigerator, keeping the temperature at or below 40°F to prevent bacterial growth.

6. Prevent Burns and Kitchen Injuries

Cooking together can be fun, but safety should always come first. Keep these tips in mind to avoid accidents:

• Turn pot handles toward the back or side of the stove to prevent tipping.

• Keep hot liquids and food away from counter edges where young children can reach.

• Teach older children to use oven mitts and handle appliances safely.

• Always supervise children in the kitchen and assign age-appropriate tasks.

7. Leftovers: Store or Toss?

Perishable foods should never be left at room temperature for more than two hours. To ensure food safety:

• Keep hot foods at 140°F or warmer until serving.

• Refrigerate leftovers within two hours of cooking or after they’ve been removed from a warming appliance.

8. Clean Up Quickly

After a holiday meal, tidy up the kitchen right away. Leftover food, alcohol, or tobacco can pose a choking or poisoning risk if curious toddlers wake up early and explore unattended dishes.

Enjoy a Safe and Happy Holiday Season
At The Children’s Clinic in Jackson, TN, we’re here to support your family’s health and happiness during the holidays and throughout the year. By following these food safety tips, you can help ensure that your celebrations are filled with joy and free of preventable mishaps.

If you have any questions about keeping your children safe this holiday season, don’t hesitate to contact us. Wishing you a festive and healthy holiday season from all of us at The Children’s Clinic in Jackson, TN!

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