Understanding Inherited High Cholesterol in Children: A Must-Know for Families

Many parents associate high cholesterol with adulthood, but did you know that approximately 1 in 250 children may have elevated cholesterol levels due to genetics rather than diet or lifestyle?

This condition, known as familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), is an inherited disorder that can put even the healthiest and most active children at risk for early heart disease. At the Children’s Clinic in Jackson, TN, we want to help families recognize and manage this condition early to reduce potential health risks.

How Cholesterol Affects Your Child’s Health

Cholesterol is a fat-like substance that our bodies naturally produce to support cell function, hormone production, and vitamin absorption. While dietary sources like meat, eggs, and dairy can contribute to cholesterol levels, the body typically maintains a balance by removing excess amounts. However, in children with FH, a genetic mutation prevents the body from properly processing cholesterol, leading to a dangerous buildup of LDL ("bad") cholesterol in the arteries from birth. Over time, this buildup can cause blockages, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes—even at a young age.

A Hidden Health Risk: What Families Need to Know

Many families are unaware of FH because symptoms aren’t always obvious. In fact, while millions of people live with this genetic condition, only about 30% are diagnosed. There are two main forms of FH:

1. Heterozygous FH (HeFH) – The more common form, occurring when a child inherits one affected gene from a parent. This condition affects about 1 in 250 people.

2. Homozygous FH (HoFH) – A much rarer and more severe form, occurring when a child inherits two affected genes (one from each parent). HoFH requires immediate medical attention to prevent serious cardiovascular issues early in life.

Why Early Detection is Critical

The good news is that early detection and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease associated with FH. Research shows that identifying and managing FH early can lower the chances of coronary artery disease by up to 80%.

If there is a history of early heart attacks (before age 55 in men or 65 in women), high cholesterol, or coronary artery disease in close relatives, let your pediatrician know. Family history plays a vital role in determining whether a child should be screened for FH.

When Should Children Be Screened for High Cholesterol?

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends routine cholesterol screening between ages 9 and 11. However, if there’s a family history of FH or early heart disease, screening can begin as early as age 2.

A blood test measuring LDL cholesterol levels can help diagnose FH. Children with LDL levels above 160 mg/dL may have the condition, while those with HoFH often have LDL levels exceeding 400 mg/dL. In extreme cases, levels can reach 1,000 mg/dL.

Signs of High Cholesterol in Children

In some cases, visible signs may indicate extremely high cholesterol levels. Parents should watch for:

• Yellowish cholesterol deposits (xanthomas) on the elbows, knees, ankles, buttocks, or fingers.

• Fatty deposits (xanthelasmas) near the eyes.

If you notice these symptoms, contact your pediatrician immediately.

Managing FH: A Treatment Plan for Your Child

Advancements in medical research have made managing FH more effective than ever. Depending on the severity of the condition, your child’s doctor may recommend:

• Statins – Medications that reduce cholesterol production and help the liver remove excess cholesterol.

• Non-statin therapies – Other medications that lower LDL cholesterol by targeting liver and intestinal pathways.

• Lipoprotein apheresis – A procedure that removes excess LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream, typically for severe cases.

Lifestyle changes, including a heart-healthy diet, regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco exposure, also play a critical role in long-term heart health. A dietitian can provide personalized guidance for nutritious, kid-friendly meals.

Supporting the Whole Family

An FH diagnosis affects more than just the child—it’s important to screen siblings and extended family members as well. When FH is managed early, children can reduce their long-term risk and live just as healthily as their peers.

At the Children’s Clinic in Jackson, TN, we’re here to support families every step of the way. If you have concerns about your child’s cholesterol levels or family heart history, schedule an appointment with our pediatric team today. Early detection and proactive care can make all the difference in protecting your child’s heart health for years to come.

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Winter Car Seat Safety: Keeping Your Child Warm & Secure

Cold weather brings extra challenges when it comes to car seat safety. One of the most important things to remember is that bulky winter clothing, including puffy coats and snowsuits, should never be worn under a car seat harness.

Why Winter Coats Can Be Risky in Car Seats

In the event of a crash, the fluffy padding in a winter coat quickly compresses under force, creating extra space between the harness and your child’s body. This gap increases the risk of your child slipping out of the harness and being ejected from the seat.

The good news? You can keep your little one both warm and safely secured in their car seat by following these simple tips.

Keeping Your Child Warm & Safe in Their Car Seat

Note: These guidelines apply to all ages—even adults. Wearing a thick coat while using a seat belt can reduce its effectiveness in an accident by increasing space between your body and the belt.

✅ Keep infant car seats warm when not in use. Store the removable carrier portion indoors rather than leaving it in the car. A warm seat helps reduce body heat loss when placing your baby inside.

✅ Plan ahead for winter outings. Give yourself extra time when heading out with your child. Dressing in layers and adjusting the car seat harness properly takes additional time, and winter driving conditions often require slower, more cautious travel.

✅ Dress your child in thin, layered clothing. Begin with a snug base layer, such as leggings, tights, or a long-sleeved bodysuit. Add a second layer of pants and a warm top like a fleece pullover or sweater. A thin fleece jacket is a great final layer. For extra warmth in freezing temperatures, long underwear is a safe option.

The "Plus-One" Layering Rule for Babies

A good rule of thumb is that infants should wear one more layer than an adult would in the same conditions. If you're wearing a coat, your baby likely needs a coat and a blanket—but be sure to remove these before buckling them into the car seat. Instead, drape the blanket or coat over the harness once they are securely strapped in.

✅ Don’t forget warm accessories. Hats, mittens, socks, and booties help retain warmth without interfering with harness straps. If your child is a thumb sucker, opt for half-gloves with open fingers or keep an extra pair of mittens on hand in case they get wet.

✅ Ensure the harness is snug. Multiple layers can make it harder to tighten the car seat harness properly. Do a pinch test—if you can pinch the strap fabric between your fingers, it’s too loose and needs to be tightened.

✅ Use coats and blankets over the straps, not under. If extra warmth is needed, drape a blanket over your child after they are buckled in, or put their coat on backward over the harness. Some parents prefer poncho-style coats that can be flipped over the harness after buckling. Whatever you choose, ensure that the top layer is removable to prevent overheating once the car warms up.

✅ Be cautious with car seat covers. If using a cover, make sure it does not have any padding under the baby or between the harness straps. Always leave the baby’s face uncovered to prevent suffocation. Just because a product is sold in stores doesn’t mean it’s been tested for safety—verify that it meets Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) standards.

✅ Never use add-ons not included with the car seat. Products like sleeping bag inserts, head supports, or extra padding may not be crash-tested and could interfere with your car seat’s safety. If it didn’t come with your car seat, it’s best to avoid using it.

✅ Prepare an emergency winter kit for your car. Keep extra blankets, dry clothes, hats, gloves, and non-perishable snacks in your vehicle in case of an emergency or unexpected delays in cold weather.

Final Thoughts

Taking a few extra minutes to dress your child in safe, layered clothing and ensure a snug harness fit can make all the difference in protecting them during winter travel. By following these simple steps, you can enjoy a warm, safe ride with peace of mind.

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Understanding RSV, Flu, COVID, and the Common Cold: How Are They Different?

At the Children’s Clinic in Jackson, TN, we know it can be hard to figure out what’s causing your child’s symptoms when they have a stuffy nose, cough, or fever. Is it the flu? Could it be COVID-19? Or is it respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? These respiratory illnesses share similar symptoms, but understanding the differences can help.

Here’s a closer look at four common childhood illnesses caused by viruses—COVID-19, flu, the common cold, and RSV—and how to recognize them.

Symptoms of RSV

RSV is a common virus in children, and its symptoms can include:

• Fever

• Cough

• Fatigue

• Stuffy nose

• Sneezing

• Shortness of breath

• Wheezing or grunting

• Flaring nostrils

• Fast or shallow breathing

• Poor feeding or no appetite

You may also notice signs like chest caving in under or between the ribs or the head bobbing with each breath. RSV symptoms typically peak between days 3 and 5 and last about 7 to 14 days.

Symptoms of Other Common Respiratory Illnesses

• Flu: Symptoms can include fever, chills, headache, body aches, fatigue, dry cough, stuffy nose, and sore throat. Some children may also experience vomiting or diarrhea. Symptoms often appear 1 to 4 days after exposure.

• COVID-19: COVID symptoms can vary and include fever, cough, fatigue, body aches, congestion, shortness of breath, sore throat, sneezing, vomiting, diarrhea, or even loss of taste or smell. These symptoms may show up 2 to 14 days after infection.

• Common Cold: Symptoms usually include a stuffy nose, sore throat, sneezing, cough, fatigue, and sometimes a mild fever. Children can experience about 6 to 10 colds per year.

When to Call Your Pediatrician

Seek medical advice if your child shows any of these symptoms:

• Rapid or labored breathing

• Wheezing, grunting, or flaring nostrils

• Chest caving in with each breath

• Vomiting for more than 24 hours

• Bloody diarrhea

• Severe drowsiness or appearing very ill

• Poor feeding or signs of dehydration

• Fever above 104°F in older children, above 100.4°F in babies under 2 months old, or a fever above 103°F lasting more than 24 hours

Can Your Child Catch More Than One Virus?

Yes, it’s possible for children to have multiple infections at once. For example, a child can contract both flu and COVID-19 simultaneously. Secondary illnesses, like bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or ear infections, are also common in children battling respiratory viruses.

If symptoms overlap or worsen, your pediatrician may recommend testing to confirm the diagnosis.

Tips to Prevent Respiratory Illnesses

At the Children’s Clinic in Jackson, TN, we emphasize prevention. Immunizations are critical to protecting your child and others in the community.

• Flu Vaccine: Recommended yearly for everyone 6 months and older. Get vaccinated early in flu season, which can last through May.

• COVID-19 Vaccine: Updated vaccines are available for everyone 6 months and older. Ask your pediatrician about the best timing for your child.

• RSV Immunization: Nirsevimab is recommended for babies under 8 months old during their first RSV season and some children entering their second RSV season. Pregnant women may also receive the RSVpreF vaccine to protect their newborns.

Other preventive steps include teaching children to cover their mouths and noses when coughing or sneezing, properly disposing of tissues, wearing masks in crowded areas, and washing hands regularly with soap and water or sanitizer.

Stay Proactive

If you have any concerns about your child’s symptoms, don’t hesitate to call the Children’s Clinic in Jackson, TN. Staying up-to-date on immunizations and routine checkups is essential to keeping your little one healthy and protected from preventable illnesses.

Your child’s health is our top priority—let us know how we can help!

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Building a Loving Connection: How to Bond With Your Baby

Bonding is about nurturing a loving and secure attachment with your child, a process that unfolds gradually over time. While many new parents feel an instant connection upon meeting their baby, creating a deep bond often develops as you care for and interact with your little one.

As your relationship grows, your baby will begin to feel safe and comforted, laying the foundation for healthy relationships throughout their life. At the Children's Clinic in Jackson, TN, we understand the importance of bonding and are here to support you through this beautiful journey.

1. Cherish the Special Moments

Whether you meet your child through birth or adoption, bonding moments are precious. Here are some ways to strengthen your connection:

• Hold Your Baby Close: Skin-to-skin contact fosters closeness and helps your baby become familiar with your scent, voice, and touch. A soft baby carrier is another great way to keep your newborn close while you go about your day.

• Enjoy Feeding Time: Whether you're breastfeeding or bottle-feeding, use this intimate time to observe your baby's cues and expressions. Over time, you'll learn to anticipate their needs, building trust and understanding.

• Make Eye Contact and Smile: Your baby delights in your voice and facial expressions. Responding with love and attention reassures them and deepens your connection.

• Comfort Your Baby: Responding to your baby's cries with care and attention builds trust. If colic or extended crying feels overwhelming, know that this stage is temporary and support is available.

2. Lean on Your Support System

Parenting can be overwhelming, especially in the early days. Don't hesitate to seek help:

• Prioritize Bonding Over Chores: Accept offers from family and friends to handle household tasks so you can focus on your baby.

• Let Others Bond Too: Babies thrive when they form secure attachments with other caregivers, such as grandparents or trusted friends. This allows you to share responsibilities while fostering your baby's social and emotional growth.

3. Play, Sing, and Read

Reading and singing to your baby—even before birth—helps them recognize your voice and builds a sense of familiarity. After they're born, simple activities like playing peek-a-boo, reading board books, and singing lullabies can create joyful moments of connection.

Challenges to Bonding

If you’re struggling to feel connected to your baby, remember that challenges like exhaustion, postpartum depression, or a difficult recovery are common—and temporary.

• Rest and Recover: Allow yourself time to heal and adjust, and don’t hesitate to lean on loved ones for support.

• Seek Help for Depression: If feelings of sadness or anxiety persist, reach out to a professional. Around 1 in 8 parents experience postpartum depression, and treatment can help you regain your balance.

Bonding Happens Naturally

Your baby comes to you ready to connect, and the process of bonding doesn’t require perfection. Through moments of care and love, a strong attachment will develop. The team at the Children's Clinic in Jackson, TN, is here to help you navigate the joys and challenges of parenting. Let the bonding happen—one tender moment at a time.

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How to Safely Store and Handle Breast Milk: Tips for Freezing and Refrigeration

Proper storage of breast milk is crucial for maintaining its nutritional quality and safety. Whether you're planning to use it immediately or save it for later, follow these practical tips to ensure your milk stays fresh and ready for your baby.

Guidelines for Safely Storing and Preparing Breast Milk

• Before Expressing or Pumping:

  • Wash your hands and sterilize all storage containers thoroughly.

  • Clearly label each container with the date the milk was expressed. If the milk is for a child care provider, include your baby’s name and discuss their storage requirements.

• Storage Tips:

  • Divide breast milk into small batches (2 to 4 ounces) to reduce waste.

  • Use any leftover milk in a bottle within 2 hours of your baby’s feeding, or refrigerate immediately for the next use.

• Chilling Milk:

  • Freshly expressed milk can sit at room temperature (up to 77°F or 25°C) for 4 hours, or up to 6-8 hours if expressed very cleanly. However, refrigerating it as soon as possible is recommended.

  • Store breast milk at the back of the refrigerator (39°F or 4°C), away from temperature fluctuations, and use it within 4 days.

• Warming Milk:

  • Warm refrigerated milk by placing the bottle in warm water or running it under warm tap water. Avoid microwaving breast milk, as it can create dangerous hot spots.

• Freezing Milk:

  • Freeze milk if it won’t be used within 48-72 hours. Leave space in storage containers, as milk expands when frozen.

  • Store milk at the back of the freezer, not the door, where temperature changes are more frequent.

  • Freezing guidelines:

    • In a refrigerator freezer with a separate door (0°F or −18°C): Store for up to 9 months.

    • In a chest or deep freezer (−4°F or −20°C): Store for up to 12 months.

• Thawing Frozen Milk:

  • Thaw milk overnight in the refrigerator, or use warm running water or a bowl of warm water to defrost it.

  • Once thawed, refrigerate and use within 24 hours for optimal freshness, though it can last up to 48-72 hours.

Quick Tip: The “Rule of 4s”

For simplicity, follow the "rule of 4s": Breast milk can be stored for 4 hours at room temperature and 4 days in the refrigerator.

Breastfeeding Recommendations

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advises exclusive breastfeeding for about 6 months. After introducing solid foods, continue breastfeeding for as long as you and your baby desire, even up to 2 years or beyond.

At the Children’s Clinic in Jackson, TN, we are committed to supporting your breastfeeding journey. Our team offers guidance and resources to help you navigate breast milk storage, feeding schedules, and more. If you have questions or concerns, contact us today for personalized support tailored to you and your baby’s needs.

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